Ilori ethe ngqo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yibhokisi yelori, luhlobo lwemoto yorhwebo (CMV) esetyenziselwa ukuthutha imithwalo eyahlukeneyo, efana neebhokisi, iipasile, ifenitshala, okanye iimpahla zasekhaya. Ibandakanya i-chassis cab ene-asi enye okanye ngaphezulu kunye netreyila esisigxina encanyathiselwe ngasemva kwayo. Iilori ezithe tye ziza kuhlengahlengiso ukusuka kumavili amabini ukuya kwamathandathu (kunye nee-axles ezintathu) kuxhomekeke kumthamo womthwalo.
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwabo kunye nokuguquguquka ekuhambeni ngeendlela eziqinileyo, baye baba lihashe lomsebenzi kushishino lwelori. Ubungakanani bazo bubenza balungele ukulawula izitalato zedolophu ezixineneyo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo lokuziswa rhoqo. Nangona besebenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, ubukhulu becala basebenzisa izithuthi zokuthutha umgama omfutshane.
Contents
Iintlobo zeelori ezithe ngqo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeelori ezithe tye ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Iilori zebhokisi: Uhlobo oluyimfuneko lwesithuthi sorhwebo esinokwamkela iimpahla ezahlukeneyo kunye nemathiriyeli kunye nebhokisi yempahla evalelweyo. Ezi yunithi ziguquguqukayo zinokuthwala izinto ngokukhuselekileyo njengoko zinegeyithi yokuphakamisa, zenza ukulayisha kunye nokothula izinto ezinzima zifikeleleke ngakumbi. Iilori zebhokisi nazo zinomthwalo ophezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli okuphantsi, okubenza ukuba balungele ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezininzi.
- Iilori zeCube: Ezi zithuthi zemithwalo zifumana amagama azo kwimpahla yazo emile okwetyhubhu. Zisetyenziswa ngamashishini ukuthutha iimpahla ezifuna indawo eyongezelelekileyo yangaphakathi ngelixa zisenokulawulwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwelori yobukhulu obuphakathi. Ngeempawu ezifana neengcango eziphindwe kabini zangasemva kunye nommandla wempahla ofikelelekayo, zibonelela ngendlela yokonga yokuthutha imithwalo ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
- Iiveni zetyhubhu: Amashishini amaninzi kunye nemizi-mveliso ixhomekeke kakhulu kwezi lori, ibonelela ngendlela esebenzayo yokuthutha iimpahla kumgama omfutshane. Ngokwesiqhelo babonisa indawo enkulu, enoxande yempahla ekulungeleyo ukuthwala izinto ezinkulu kuneehatchbacks zesintu okanye iisedan. Iiveni zeCube zikwafikeleleka ngokwentelekiso, zibiza ngaphantsi kakhulu kunelori ezipheleleyo okanye ezirhuqwayo.
- Iilori zokulahla: Uhlobo lwelori ethe ngqo esetyenziselwa ukulahla izixhobo kwiindawo zokwakha. Babonisa ibhedi yebhokisi evulekileyo esebenza ngoxinzelelo lwehydraul enyusela phezulu ukuze ikhuphe imixholo yayo. Ilori yokulahla inkunkuma yenzelwe ukujongana nemixawuka yomhlaba kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusebenza, iyenza ixatyiswe kakhulu ngabo basebenza ngemathiriyeli kwindawo yangaphandle.
- Iilori zomthwalo onzima ezinebhedi ezisisigxina: Inketho yoqoqosho kunye nesebenzayo kumashishini amaninzi. Ezi zithuthi zingabizi kakhulu kuneelori zeebhokisi kwaye zinokuthwala imithwalo emikhulu kunomndilili. Banikezela ngokusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli kuneemoto ezininzi ezinenjini yobukhulu obufanayo kwaye bonyuse umthamo wokutsala. Ukongeza, babonisa amacandelo ayilwe ngokucacileyo ukuxhasa imithwalo enzima, efana neenkqubo zokunqunyanyiswa eziqinisiweyo kunye neenkqubo zokuqhokra eziphuculweyo.
Imilinganiselo yeelori ezithe ngqo
Ngelixa iilori ezithe tye ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo zinobude obuphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-26 yeenyawo kunye nokuphakama kwe-8 ukuya kwi-10 iinyawo. Le milinganiselo ibenza balungele ukuthwala imithwalo enzima kwaye baququzelele ukhetho oluthembekileyo lokugcina ishishini. Ukongeza, iilori ezithe tye ziyilwe zineentlobo ngeentlobo zeempahla ezibanjwayo, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zilungele iimfuno ezikhethekileyo. Ngoluhlu olubanzi lobungakanani obukhoyo, iilori ezithe tye zenza kube lula ukuthwala imithwalo enzima ngelixa usebenzisa ilori yedimension efanelekileyo ehambelana nobukhulu, ubunzima, kunye nemimiselo yezithintelo zendlela.
Ubungakanani bobunzima besithuthi esipheleleyo (GVWR)
Zonke izithuthi kufuneka zibe neleyibhile yeGross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). Le leyibhile ibonisa ubunzima obugcweleyo besithuthi esisebenza ngokupheleleyo, kubandakanywa abakhweli, imithwalo, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo. I-GVWR ngokubanzi iwela ngaphantsi kwe-26,001 yeeponti kwiilori ezithe tye ukuqinisekisa ukuba imida yokurhuqa ekhuselekileyo iyahlangatyezwa. Ukuthathela ingqalelo kolu kulinganisa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isithuthi sakho sihlala sikwisikhundla saso kwaye sinokuthutha ngokukhuselekileyo iimpahla nezixhobo.
Iimfuno zeLayisensi yokuqhuba uRhwebo (CDL).
Ngelixa iLayisensi yoMqhubi wezoRhwebo (CDL) ibalulekile kubaqhubi belori abaninzi, iyinto yokuzikhethela kubo bonke. Iilori ezithe ngqo ezinobunzima be-26,001 lbs okanye ngaphantsi kwaye zingathuthi izinto ezinobungozi azifuni i-CDL. Oku kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba baqhube ilori ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga neziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo kunye neelayisensi.
Indlela Yokugcina Ilori Ethe tye
Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba ilori ethe ngqo ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Nanga amanye amacebiso onokuwalandela:
- Jonga rhoqo i-oyile ye-injini kunye nolwelo: Ukujonga amanqanaba e-oyile, ulwelo lokuhambisa, ulwelo lokuqhuba amandla, isipholileyo, ulwelo lwebrake, kunye nolunye ulwelo oluyimfuneko kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilori yakho isebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
- Faka endaweni yezihluzi zomoya: Ukutshintsha ezindala nezintsha kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nokwandisa ubomi benjini.
- Wahlole rhoqo amatayara: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba amatayara avuthwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ukujonga iimpawu zokuguga okanye ukonakala kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwawo kunye nokhuseleko endleleni.
- Jonga iziqhoboshi: Hlola iibhuleki ngamaxesha athile ukuze ubone naziphi na iimpawu zokuguga okanye zokonakala ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe kanye ngonyaka ubuncinane.
- Hlola inkqubo yokunqunyanyiswa: Isistim yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yelori kwaye kufuneka ijongwe rhoqo kujongwe nayiphi na imiba, njengoko ixhasa imithwalo enzima.
- Qhubeka nokugcinwa rhoqo: Ukuhlolwa okuqhelekileyo, utshintsho lweoyile, kunye namanye amanyathelo okuthintela anokunceda ukugcina ilori yakho ethe ngqo iqhuba kakuhle kwaye ikhuselekile iminyaka ezayo.
IiNzuzo zokuSebenzisa iLori eNqolileyo kuShishino
Amashishini kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ukusebenzisa iilori ezithe ngqo kuba zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi, ezinje:
- Ukuhluka: Iilori ezithe tye zinokusetyenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, enjengokuhambisa iimpahla, iinkonzo, kunye nezibonelelo, zizenza zibe lukhetho oluguquguqukayo kumashishini aneemfuno zothutho ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuqhuba kakuhle: Iilori ezithe tye zinobunzima obunganeno ekujikeni kuneetrekta ezirhuqwayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqhuba kwiindawo ezimxinwa kwaye zishiya umqhubi ixesha elingakumbi lokugxila kukhuseleko.
- Ukusebenza ngcono kwamafutha: A ngqo Ilori iyonga kakhulu amafutha kunezinye izithuthi ezinzima kwaye yakhelwe uhambo olude, olunokukunceda ukuba ugcine iindleko zamafutha.
Okukwintsusa
Iilori ezithe tye ziphawulwa ngobume bebhokisi, kunye nendawo evalelweyo yemithwalo edla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziilori zebhokisi. Ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ubude kunye nobude bulinganisa i-10-26 yeenyawo kunye ne-8-10 yeenyawo, ngokulandelelanayo. Amashishini amaninzi akhetha iilori ezithe ngqo kuba ene-GVWR engaphantsi kwama-26,001 eeponti, evumela abaqhubi ukuba baziqhube nokuba abanayo iLayisensi yokuqhuba uRhwebo (CDL). Ukongeza, ezi lori zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kunye nokuguquguquka, zibenza babe lihashe lomsebenzi kushishino lwelori.
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