I-semi-truck iyimoto enamandla ekwazi ukudonsa imithwalo emikhulu. Lawa maloli anetorque eningi, amandla okusonteka abangela ukuzungezisa. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-torque engakanani iloli elincane kanye nokuthi lisetshenziselwa ini.
I-semi-truck ine-torque eningi, amandla ajikelezayo abangela ukuthi into ijikeleze. Lapho iloli liba ne-torque eyengeziwe, amandla engeziwe engawakhiqiza. La mandla abalulekile ekuhambiseni imithwalo esindayo kanye nokukhuphuka amagquma. I-torque ikalwa ngamaphawundi noma ngamamitha e-Newton, futhi amaloli amaningi anetorque ephakathi kuka-1,000 no-2,000 wamaphawundi. Ukuze usebenzise wonke lawo mandla ngendlela efanele, udinga uhlelo oluhle lokudlulisela. Ngaphandle kwalo, iloli lakho lingase lingakwazi nhlobo ukuhamba.
Okuqukethwe
Iliphi iloli elincane elinetorque eningi?
Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene Amaloli amancane emakethe, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo. Kodwa-ke, iVolvo Iron Knight ibusa kakhulu uma kuziwa emandleni aluhlaza. Leli loli line-torque engu-6000 Nm (4425 lb-ft) emangalisayo, okulenza libe yi-semi-truck enamandla kunawo wonke ake athuthukiswa. Ngeshwa, leli loli alikho emthethweni futhi laliklanyelwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kuphela. Ngenxa yalokhu, iVolvo FH16 750 iyimoto yokuhweba enamandla kunazo zonke etholakalayo uma ilayisha umsebenzi osindayo. Leli loli linetorque engu-3550 Nm (2618 lb-ft), okulenza libe ngaphezu kwamandla okuphatha ngisho nemithwalo esinda kakhulu.
Ingakanani i-torque iloli elijwayelekile linayo?
Iloli elivamile ngokuvamile linenjini engakhiqiza noma yikuphi ukusuka ku-100 kuya ku-400 lb.-ft we-torque. Ama-piston adala leyo torque ngaphakathi enjinini njengoba ehla enyuka ku-crankshaft yenjini. Lokhu kunyakaza okuqhubekayo kubangela ukuthi i-crankshaft ijikeleze noma iphenduke. Inani letorque engakhiqizwa injini ekugcineni lincike ekwakhiweni kwenjini nezinto ezisetshenziswa ukuyakha. Isibonelo, injini enamapiston amakhulu ngokuvamile izokwazi ukukhiqiza i-torque eningi kunenjini enamaphistoni amancane. Ngokufanayo, injini eyenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla izokwazi ukukhiqiza itorque eyengeziwe kunaleyo eyenziwe ngezinto ezibuthakathaka. Ekugcineni, inani letorque engakhiqizwa injini liyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni amandla nokusebenza kwemoto.
Iloli linama-HP amangaki?
Iloli elivamile lanamuhla likhiqiza amandla amahhashi angu-341, futhi iRam 1500 TRX iguqula ngaphezu kwalokho. Isilinganiso sazo zonke izimoto singama-252 hp, okumangazayo ukuthi amaloli awafakiwe ekuxubeni. Amaveni amancane anciphise ukusebenza kahle kwawo kusukela eminyakeni embalwa edlule kuya ku-231 horsepower. Zidlala kanjani lezi zinombolo emhlabeni wangempela? A iloli elinama-400 hp can tow 12,000 lbs, kuyilapho imoto enamandla afanayo ingadonsa kuphela 7,200 lbs. Ngokusheshisa, iloli le-400-hp lizosuka ku-0 liye ku-60 mph ngemizuzwana engu-6.4, kanti imoto izokwenza ngemizuzwana engu-5.4. Ekugcineni, ngokomnotho wamafutha, iloli lizothola cishe i-19 mpg ngenkathi imoto izothola cishe 26 mpg.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba ama-semis abe netorque engaka?
Iningi labantu liwazi ama-rigs amakhulu adonsa ama-trailer ezweni lonke, kodwa bambalwa abazi ukuthi asebenza kanjani. Ama-semi-truck asebenza ngezinjini zikadizili, ezihlukile ezinjinini zikaphethiloli ezitholakala ezimotweni eziningi. Izinjini zikadizili zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinjini zikaphethiloli futhi zikhiqiza itorque eningi. I-torque amandla azungeza into, akalwa ngamaphawundi onyawo. I-semi-loli ingaba namaphawundi angama-1,800 we-torque, kanti imoto ngokuvamile inamaphawundi angama-200. Pho izinjini zikadizili zikhiqiza kanjani itorque engaka? Konke kuhlobene namakamelo omlilo. Enjinini kaphethiloli, uphethiloli uxutshwa nomoya futhi uthungelwa i-spark plug. Lokhu kukhiqiza ukuqhuma okuncane okuphusha ama-pistons phansi. Izinjini zikadizili zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Uphethiloli ujovwa kumasilinda, acindezelwa amapiston. Lokhu kucindezela kushisisa uphethiloli, futhi uyaqhuma lapho ufika endaweni yawo yokuthungela. Lokhu kukhiqiza ukuqhuma okukhulu kakhulu kunasenjinini kaphethiloli, okunikeza injini kadizili itorque yayo ephezulu.
Yikuphi okungcono, amandla noma torque?
Amandla kanye netorque kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kodwa kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Amandla ayisilinganiso sokuthi ungakanani umsebenzi ongenziwa ngesikhathi esinikeziwe, kuyilapho itorque ikala ukuthi mangakanani amandla angasetshenziswa. Ukusebenza emotweni, amandla ayisilinganiso sokuthi imoto ingashesha kangakanani, kanti itorque iyisilinganiso sokuthi injini ingasebenza ngamandla angakanani emasondweni. Ngakho-ke, yikuphi okungcono? Kuya ngokuthi ufunani emotweni. Amandla amahhashi angasebenza kangcono uma ufuna ukuhamba ngokushesha futhi ushaye u-140 mph. Kodwa-ke, i-torque ephakeme ingase ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe uma ufuna imoto eqinile ekwazi ukudonsa amatshe futhi isuke ngokushesha. Ngamafuphi, i-torque yenza imoto yakho isheshe. Amandla amahhashi akwenza kusheshe.
Ingakanani i-torque enamasondo angu-18?
Amasondo amaningi angu-18 anetorque ephakathi kuka-1,000 no-2,000 ft. Leli inani elibalulekile letorque, yingakho lamaloli ekwazi ukudonsa imithwalo esinda kangaka. Usayizi wenjini kanye nohlobo kuzothinta inani letorque eloli elinalo. Isibonelo, injini ye-diesel ngokuvamile ikhiqiza i-torque engaphezu kwenjini kaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lamasilinda enjini liphinde lithinte ukuphuma kwe-torque. Ngokuvamile, izinjini ezinamasilinda amaningi zivame ukukhiqiza i-torque eyengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici zingaba nomthelela ekukhishweni kwe-torque, njengokuklama kwezinhlelo zokuthatha kanye ne-exhaust. Ekugcineni, inani le-torque elikhiqizwa i-18-wheeler lizoncika ezintweni eziningana. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyini okucacisiwe, wonke amasondo angu-18 anenani elikhulu le-torque eliwavumela ukuthi adonse imithwalo esindayo.
Ingabe i-torque ephezulu ingcono ukudonsa?
Uma kukhulunywa ngokudonsa, i-torque ibaluleke kakhulu kunamandla amahhashi. Lokhu kungenxa 'ye-low-end rpm' ekhiqizwa amazinga e-torque aphezulu, okuvumela injini ukuthi ithwale imithwalo esindayo kalula. Imoto yetorque ephezulu ingadonsa ama-trailer noma ezinye izinto ezinenani eliphansi kakhulu le-rpm. Lokhu kuyenza ibe lula enjinini futhi kubangele ukuthi ingagugi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, injini ye-torque ephakeme ifaneleka kangcono ukudonsa kunenjini ephezulu yamahhashi.
Ama-semi-truck yizimoto ezinamandla ezibalulekile ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla ezweni lonke. Nakuba ziqinile futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, kungase kube nzima ukuzilawula. Yilapho i-torque ingena khona. I-torque iyisilinganiso se-torque amandla okujikeleza iloli futhi kubalulekile kokubili ukusheshisa kanye nokubhuleka. I-torque eningi kakhulu ingabangela iloli ukuthi lingalawuleki, kuyilapho i-torque encane kakhulu ingenza kube nzima ukuma. Ngenxa yalokho, abashayeli bamaloli kufanele baqaphe ngokucophelela amazinga e-torque yabo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kwetorque, bangaqinisekisa ukuthi amaloli abo ahlala elawulwa.
