Ukuba ungumqhubi weloli, mhlawumbi ukhe weva igama elithi “retarder” ngaphambili. Kodwa lithetha ukuthini? Iretarder sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukucothisa isemi-lori. Iyafana neziqhoboshi zemoto, kodwa isebenza ngokwahlukileyo.
Iretader zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukucothisa okanye ukumisa isithuthi. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeeretader, kodwa olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo sisiqhoboshi se-injini. Injini iziqhoboshi zisebenza ngokusebenzisa umoya oxinanisiweyo ukubamba iziqhoboshi. Zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezinzima, ezifana ne-semi-lori, ezineenjini ezinkulu.
Iiretader zingasetyenziswa koololiwe kunye neebhasi. Xa i-braking nge-retarder, umqhubi kufuneka asebenzise uxinzelelo oluncinci kwiipedali, ezinceda ukunciphisa ukuguga kunye nokukrazula kwiibhuleki. Ukongeza, ii-retarders zinokunceda ukuthintela ukutyibilika kunye nokutyibilika, oku kubenza babe luphawu olubalulekileyo lokhuseleko.
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Isebenza Njani iRetarder kwiLori?
I-retarder sisixhobo esinceda ukucothisa ilori. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-retarders, kodwa zonke zisebenza ngokusebenzisa ukukhuhlana ukudala ukuxhathisa. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweretarder sisiqhoboshi se-injini, esebenzisa i-injini ukudala ukuxhathisa. Ezinye iintlobo zeeretader ziquka ii-exhaust brakes kunye ne-transmission-mounted brakes. Iiretaretha zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukuguga nokukrazuka kweziqhoboshi, kwaye zinokunceda ekuphuculeni ukonga kwamafutha. Xa zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, iiretaders zinokunceda ekwenzeni ukuqhuba ilori kube lula kwaye kukhuseleke.
Kufuneka Uyicime nini iRetarder?
Iretarder sisixhobo esithoba isantya sikaloliwe ohambayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho kuyimfuneko ukucima i-retarder ukuphepha umonakalo kwimizila okanye uloliwe ngokwawo. Omnye wemizekelo enjalo kuxa uloliwe esondela kwindawo yokutshintsha. Ukuba uloliwe ophelelwe lixesha ungene kwiswitshi ngesantya esiphezulu, oko kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Ukongezelela, ukuba imozulu ibanda kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ucime i-retarder ukukhusela umkhenkce ekubunjweni kwimizila. Okokugqibela, ukuba uloliwe kufuneka eme ngequbuliso, kuhle ukuyicima iretarder ukuze iziqhoboshi zikwazi ukummisa kakuhle uloliwe. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iimeko ezininzi apho kuyimfuneko ukucima i-retarder ukuphepha umonakalo okanye iingozi.
Ngaba i-Retarder iyafana ne-Engine Brake?
Xa uqhuba ilori, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqhobosha ngokufanelekileyo ukulawula isantya sakho. Iziqhoboshi zenkonzo kunye neeretader ziintlobo ezimbini zeziqhoboshi kwilori. Usebenzisa iziqhoboshi zenkonzo xa ufuna ukumisa ilori, kwaye basebenza ngokucinezela i-pedal ye-brake, eyenza ukuba iziqhoboshi zomoya.
I-retarder yinkqubo ye-brake encedisayo enceda ukulawula isantya sakho xa usehla. Isebenzisa i-injini ukudala ukuxhathisa kunye nokucothisa ilori. Ezinye iilori zineziqhoboshi zenkonzo kunye ne-retarder, kodwa ezinye zinenye okanye enye kuphela. Ke, yintoni umahluko phakathi kweretarder kunye nesiqhoboshi senjini? Iiretaretha zisebenza kakhulu ekucutheni ilori kuneziqhoboshi ze-injini, kwaye azigugi kakhulu iibreki zenkonzo.
Iziqhoboshi ze-injini zingasetyenziswa xa usihla kwaye usondela kwindawo yokumisa okanye kwisibane esibomvu, kodwa akufunekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe ixesha elide kuba zinokutshisa kakhulu i-injini. Xa uqhuba ilori, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa zombini iindidi zeziqhoboshi ngokufanelekileyo ukulawula isantya sakho kwaye uzigcine wena nabanye abaqhubi bekhuselekile.
Uthini Umahluko phakathi kwe-Exhaust Brake kunye neRetarder?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokunciphisa isithuthi esinzima: i-exhaust brake kunye ne-retarder. Zombini ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokufaka i-braking force kumavili, kodwa zikwenza oko ngokwahlukileyo. Isiqhoboshi se-exhaust sisebenzisa i-injini ukudala ukuxhathisa ngokuchasene namavili, ngelixa i-retarder isebenzisa ukukhuhlana ukunika ukuxhathisa.
Ngenxa yoko, iziqhoboshi zokukhupha isantya zisebenza ngakumbi ekuthobeni isithuthi kuneesibuyisela umva. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukulawula kunye nokudiliza injini ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-retarders zilula ukulawula kwaye azifaki ubunzima obuninzi kwi-injini. Ekugqibeleni, eyona nkqubo ilungileyo yokuqhobosha yesithuthi esithile iya kuxhomekeka kubunzima bayo, ubungakanani, kunye nokusetyenziswa okucetywayo.
Ngaba iiRetarders zikugcina ungatyibilizi?
Ukuqhuba ebusika kunokuba bubuqhophololo, kwaye nabona baqhubi banamava banokuzifumana ngokungalindelekanga betyibilika kwiindlela ezinomkhenkce. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa amatayara edibana nomkhenkce, ayayeka ukutsala kwaye akakwazi ukubamba indlela. Ngenxa yoko, imoto inokutyibilika ingalawuleki. Enye indlela yokuthintela oku kungenzeki kukusebenzisa iiretarders. IiRetarders zizixhobo ezibekwe kumavili esithuthi kwaye zinceda ekuboneleleni ukubaleka okungaphezulu.
Basebenza ngokusebenzisa ukukhuhlana ukucothisa ukujikeleza kwamatayara, nto leyo enika umqhubi ixesha elingakumbi lokusabela xa etyibilika. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iiretaders azikwazi ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukutyibilika kwiindlela ezinomkhenkce. Zisebenza kuphela xa zidityaniswe nezinye iindlela zokhuseleko lokuqhuba ebusika, ezifana amatayara ekhephu kunye nokuqhuba ngononophelo.
Zeziphi Iindidi ezi-4 Zabantu Abalibazisayo?
IiRetarders zihlelwa zibe ziindidi ezine: i-exhaust, injini, ihydraulic, kunye nombane.
I-exhaust retarders lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lweretarder kuba ngokuqhelekileyo lusebenza ngakumbi ekucutheni isithuthi kuneziqhoboshi ze-injini. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukulawula kunye nokudiliza injini ngokukhawuleza.
Iziqhoboshi ze-injini ziyafana kodwa sebenzisa inkqubo yokuqhobosha eyahlukileyo engaqhagamshelwanga kwi-injini. Oku kubenza balawuleke lula, kodwa basenokungasebenzi kakuhle ekuthobeni isithuthi esikhulu.
I-hydraulic retarders zisebenzisa ulwelo ukunika ukuxhathisa, oko kubenza basebenze ngakumbi kunezithinteli zombane. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima ukulawula kwaye aziqhelekanga.
Abacuphi bombane basebenzisa intsimi ye-electromagnetic ukubonelela ukuxhathisa, nto leyo ebenza babe lolona hlobo lulula lwe-retarder ukulawula. Nangona kunjalo, azisebenzi kangako ekunciphiseni isithuthi esinzima.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-retarder lunezinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo, kwaye olona hlobo lufanelekileyo lwesithuthi esithile luxhomekeke kubunzima baso, ubungakanani, kunye nokusetyenziswa okucetywayo.
isiphelo
Iretader kwi semi-lori zizixhobo ezisebenza ngokufaka iziqhoboshi zokunyathela amavili. Ziyakwazi nokuba yi-exhaust brakes okanye i-retarders, kwaye nganye ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungalunganga. Olona hlobo luhle lweretarder kwisithuthi esithile luya kuxhomekeka kubunzima baso, ubungakanani, kunye nokusetyenziswa okucetywayo. IiRetarders zinokunceda ekuthinteleni ukutyibilika kwiindlela ezinomkhenkce, kodwa zisebenza kuphela xa zidityaniswe nezinye iindlela zokhuseleko lokuqhuba ebusika. Kukho iintlobo ezine zezinto ezibuyisela umva: i-exhaust, i-injini, ihydraulic, kunye nombane—nganye ineengenelo kunye neengxaki zayo.
