Semi-truck ndi galimoto yamphamvu yomwe imatha kunyamula katundu wambiri. Magalimotowa ali ndi torque yambiri, mphamvu yokhotakhota yomwe imayambitsa kuzungulira. Dziwani zambiri za kuchuluka kwa torque yomwe semi-truck imakhala ndi ntchito yake.
Semi-truck imakhala ndi torque yambiri, mphamvu yozungulira yomwe imapangitsa kuti chinthu chizizungulira. Galimoto ikakhala ndi torque yambiri, mphamvu zake zimachulukanso. Mphamvu imeneyi ndi yofunika kusuntha katundu wolemera ndi kukwera mapiri. Torque imayesedwa mu mapazi a mapaundi kapena Newton-mita, ndipo magalimoto ambiri amakhala ndi torque pakati pa 1,000 ndi 2,000 pounds. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu zonsezo, mumafunika njira yabwino yotumizira mauthenga. Popanda iyo, galimoto yanu singathe kuyenda konse.
Zamkatimu
Ndi semi-truck iti yomwe imakhala ndi torque kwambiri?
Pali zosiyanasiyana Semi trucks pa msika, aliyense ndi ubwino wake. Komabe, Volvo Iron Knight imalamulira kwambiri pankhani ya mphamvu yaiwisi. Galimotoyi ili ndi torque ya 6000 Nm (4425 lb-ft) yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe idapangidwapo. Tsoka ilo, galimotoyi siyovomerezeka panjira ndipo idangopangidwa kuti ingoyesa magwiridwe antchito. Chotsatira chake, Volvo FH16 750 ndi galimoto yamphamvu kwambiri yamalonda yomwe imapezeka ponyamula katundu wolemetsa. Galimotoyi ili ndi torque ya 3550 Nm (2618 lb-ft), yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yoposa yokhoza kunyamula ngakhale katundu wolemera kwambiri.
Kodi galimoto wamba imakhala ndi torque yochuluka bwanji?
Galimoto wamba nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi injini yomwe imatha kupanga paliponse kuyambira 100 mpaka 400 lb.-ft of torque. Ma pistoni amapanga torque mkati mwa injini pamene akuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi pa crankshaft ya injini. Kusuntha kosalekeza kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti crankshaft izungulire kapena kupindika. Kuchuluka kwa torque yomwe injini imatha kupanga zimatengera kapangidwe ka injini ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poimanga. Mwachitsanzo, injini yokhala ndi ma pistoni akuluakulu imatha kupanga torque yambiri kuposa injini yokhala ndi ma pistoni ang'onoang'ono. Momwemonso, injini yopangidwa ndi zida zolimba imatha kupanga torque yambiri kuposa yomwe imapangidwa ndi zida zofooka. Pamapeto pake, kuchuluka kwa torque yomwe injini imatha kupanga ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.
Kodi galimoto ili ndi HP ingati?
Galimoto yamasiku ano imapanga mahatchi 341, ndipo Ram 1500 TRX imatembenuza kuposa pamenepo. Avereji yamagalimoto onse ndi 252 hp, zomwe ndizodabwitsa kuti magalimoto samaphatikizidwa. Ma minivans achepetsa mphamvu zawo kuyambira zaka zingapo zapitazo kufika pamahatchi 231. Kodi manambalawa amasewera bwanji m'dziko lenileni? A galimoto yokhala ndi 400 hp can kukoka 12,000 lbs, pomwe galimoto yokhala ndi mphamvu yomweyo imatha kukoka ma 7,200 lbs. Pothamanga, galimoto ya 400-hp idzachokera ku 0 mpaka 60 mph mu masekondi 6.4, pamene galimoto idzachita mu masekondi 5.4. Pomaliza, pankhani yachuma chamafuta, galimoto ipeza pafupifupi 19 mpg pomwe galimoto ipeza pafupifupi 26 mpg.
Kodi ma semi amakhala bwanji ndi torque yochuluka chonchi?
Anthu ambiri amadziwa bwino zida zazikulu zomwe zimanyamula ma trailer m'dziko lonselo, koma ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa momwe amagwirira ntchito. Ma Semi-trucks amayendetsedwa ndi injini za dizilo, zomwe ndi zosiyana ndi injini za petulo zomwe zimapezeka m'magalimoto ambiri. Ma injini a dizilo ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa ma injini a petulo ndipo amapanga torque yambiri. Torque ndi mphamvu yomwe imazungulira chinthu, choyezedwa ndi mapazi-mapaundi. Galimoto yocheperako imatha kukhala ndi torque yokwana 1,800, pomwe galimoto nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma pounds ochepera 200. Ndiye kodi ma injini a dizilo amapangidwa bwanji ndi torque yochuluka chonchi? Zonse zimagwirizana ndi zipinda zoyaka moto. Mu injini ya petulo, mafuta amasakanikirana ndi mpweya ndikuyatsidwa ndi spark plug. Izi zimapanga kuphulika kwakung'ono komwe kumakankhira pisitoni pansi. Ma injini a dizilo amagwira ntchito mosiyana. Mafuta amalowetsedwa m'masilinda, omwe amapanikizidwa ndi ma pistoni. Kupanikizana kumeneku kumatenthetsa mafuta, ndipo amaphulika akafika poyatsira. Izi zimapanga kuphulika kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa injini ya petulo, zomwe zimapangitsa injini ya dizilo kutulutsa mphamvu yake yochuluka.
Chabwino n'chiti, mphamvu kapena torque?
Mphamvu ndi torque nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana, koma ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Mphamvu ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe ingachitike panthawi yoperekedwa, pomwe torque imayesa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kugwira ntchito m'galimoto, mphamvu ndi muyeso wa liwiro la galimotoyo, pomwe torque ndi muyeso wa mphamvu yomwe injini ingagwiritse ntchito pamagudumu. Kotero, chabwino nchiyani? Zimatengera zomwe mukuyang'ana mgalimoto. Mphamvu yamahatchi ingakhale yothandiza ngati mukufuna kupita mwachangu ndikugunda 140 mph. Komabe, torque yayikulu ikhoza kukhala yofunika kwambiri kwa inu ngati mukufuna galimoto yamphamvu yomwe imatha kukoka miyala ndikunyamuka mwachangu. Mwachidule, torque imapangitsa galimoto yanu kukhala yofulumira. Horsepower imapangitsa kuti ikhale yachangu.
Kodi ma torque 18 amakhala ndi ma torque angati?
Ma wheelchair ambiri 18 amakhala ndi ma torque apakati pa 1,000 ndi 2,000. Ichi ndi torque yayikulu, chifukwa chake magalimotowa amatha kunyamula katundu wolemetsa chonchi. Kukula kwa injini ndi mtundu wake zidzakhudza kuchuluka kwa torque yomwe galimotoyo ili nayo. Mwachitsanzo, injini ya dizilo imapanga torque yambiri kuposa injini yamafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa ma silinda mu injini kumakhudzanso kutulutsa kwa torque. Nthawi zambiri, ma injini okhala ndi masilinda ambiri amakonda kupanga torque yambiri. Komabe, zinthu zina zimatha kukhudza kutulutsa kwa torque, monga kapangidwe ka makina otengera ndi utsi. Pamapeto pake, kuchuluka kwa torque yopangidwa ndi 18-wheeler kutengera zinthu zingapo. Koma mosasamala kanthu za momwe zimakhalira, magudumu onse 18 ali ndi torque yochuluka yomwe imawalola kunyamula katundu wolemera.
Kodi torque yapamwamba ndiyabwino kukokera?
Pankhani yokoka, torque ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuposa mphamvu zamahatchi. Izi ndichifukwa cha 'low-end rpm' yopangidwa ndi ma torque apamwamba, omwe amalola injini kunyamula katundu wolemera mosavuta. Galimoto ya torque yayikulu imatha kukoka ma trailer kapena zinthu zina zotsika kwambiri za rpm. Izi zimapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yosavuta komanso imapangitsa kuti ikhale yochepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Zotsatira zake, injini ya torque yapamwamba ndiyoyenera kukoka kuposa injini yamphamvu yamahatchi.
Ma Semi-trucks ndi magalimoto amphamvu ofunikira pakunyamula katundu kudera lonselo. Ngakhale kuti ndi zamphamvu komanso zolimba, zimakhalanso zovuta kuzilamulira. Apa ndi pamene torque imabwera. Torque ndi muyeso wa mphamvu yozungulira yagalimoto ndipo ndiyofunikira kuti zonse zipitirire ndi braking. Torque yochulukirachulukira imatha kupangitsa kuti galimotoyo isayende bwino, pomwe torque yaying'ono imatha kupangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta kuyimitsa. Chifukwa chake, oyendetsa magalimoto amayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa torque yawo nthawi zonse. Pomvetsetsa kufunikira kwa torque, amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti magalimoto awo amawongolera nthawi zonse.
