Galimoto yowongoka, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti galimoto yamabokosi, ndi mtundu wagalimoto yamalonda (CMV) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu wosiyanasiyana, monga mabokosi, maphukusi, mipando, kapena katundu wapakhomo. Imakhala ndi kabati ya chassis yokhala ndi chitsulo chimodzi kapena zingapo komanso kalavani yokhazikika yolumikizidwa kumbuyo kwake. Magalimoto owongoka amabwera m'masinthidwe oyambira mawilo awiri mpaka asanu ndi limodzi (okhala ndi ma axle atatu) kutengera kuchuluka kwa katundu.
Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kusinthasintha poyenda m'misewu yolimba, akhala gawo lalikulu pantchito yonyamula katundu. Kukula kwawo kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kuyendetsa misewu yodzaza ndi anthu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala njira yotchuka yobweretsera pafupipafupi. Ngakhale amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, amagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe apamtunda waufupi.
Zamkatimu
Mitundu Yagalimoto Zowongoka
Pali mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto owongoka opangidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zonyamula katundu. Zina mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi izi:
- Malori a bokosi: Mtundu wofunikira wamagalimoto ogulitsa omwe amatha kunyamula katundu ndi zida zosiyanasiyana ndi bokosi lawo lonyamula katundu. Magawo osunthikawa amatha kunyamula zinthu mosatekeseka chifukwa ali ndi geti lokwezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa zinthu zolemetsa kuti zitheke. Magalimoto onyamula mabokosi alinso ndi katundu wambiri komanso mafuta ochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala abwino potumiza maimidwe angapo.
- Magalimoto a Cube: Magalimoto onyamula katunduwa amatenga dzina lawo kuchokera ku malo awo onyamula katundu ooneka ngati ma cube. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabizinesi kunyamula katundu yemwe amafunikira malo owonjezera amkati akadali ndi kuwongolera komanso kusavuta kwagalimoto yapakatikati. Ndi zinthu monga zitseko ziwiri zakumbuyo ndi malo ofikira katundu, amapereka njira yoyendetsera ndalama kuti asunthire katundu mofulumira komanso mogwira mtima.
- Magalimoto a Cube: Mabizinesi ndi mafakitale ambiri amadalira kwambiri magalimotowa, zomwe zimapereka njira yabwino yonyamulira katundu paulendo waufupi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo onyamula katundu wamkulu, wamakona anayi oyenera kunyamula zinthu zazikulu kuposa ma hatchback kapena ma sedan achikhalidwe. Ma vans a Cube nawonso ndi otsika mtengo, okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa magalimoto akulu akulu kapena ma semi trailer.
- Malori otaya: Galimoto yowongoka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potaya zida pamalo omanga. Amakhala ndi bedi lotseguka loyendetsedwa ndi hydraulically lomwe limakwezera m'mwamba kuti litulutse zomwe zili mkati mwake. Galimoto yotayirapo idapangidwa kuti izitha kuthana ndi malo ovuta komanso zovuta zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zida zakunja azilemekezedwa kwambiri.
- Magalimoto onyamula katundu olemera okhala ndi mabedi okhazikika: Njira yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza pamabizinesi ambiri. Magalimoto amenewa ndi otsika mtengo kuposa magalimoto onyamula mabokosi ndipo amatha kunyamula katundu wokulirapo kuposa wapakati. Amapereka mafuta abwinoko kuposa ma pickups ambiri okhala ndi injini yofanana ndipo amawonjezera mphamvu yokoka. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala ndi zida zopangidwira bwino kuti zithandizire zolemetsa zolemetsa, monga kuyimitsidwa kolimba komanso makina owongolera mabuleki.
Makulidwe a Magalimoto Olunjika
Ngakhale magalimoto owongoka amabwera mosiyanasiyana, amakhala ndi kutalika kwapakati pa 10 ndi 26 mapazi ndi kutalika kwa mapazi 8 mpaka 10. Miyeso iyi imawapangitsa kukhala abwino kunyamula katundu wambiri ndikuwongolera njira zodalirika zosungira bizinesi. Kuphatikiza apo, magalimoto owongoka amapangidwa okhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana, kuwapangitsa kukhala osinthika kwambiri pazosowa zapadera. Ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu komwe kulipo, magalimoto owongoka amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kunyamula katundu wolemera pamene akugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yoyenera yomwe imatsatira kukula, kulemera kwake, ndi malamulo oletsa njira.
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
Magalimoto onse ayenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). Chizindikirochi chimasonyeza kulemera kwakukulu kwa galimoto yogwira ntchito mokwanira, kuphatikizapo okwera, katundu, ndi zinthu zina. GVWR nthawi zambiri imatsika pansi pa mapaundi 26,001 pamagalimoto owongoka kuti awonetsetse kuti malire amakoka akwaniritsidwa. Kusamalira izi ndikofunikira kuti galimoto yanu ikhalebe momwe ilili ndipo imatha kunyamula katundu ndi zida mosatetezeka.
Zofunikira za Laisensi Yoyendetsa Malonda (CDL).
Ngakhale License Yoyendetsa Magalimoto (CDL) ndiyofunikira kwa madalaivala ambiri amagalimoto, ndizosankha kwa onse. Magalimoto owongoka olemera ma 26,001 lbs kapena kuchepera komanso osanyamula zinthu zowopsa safuna CDL. Izi zimalola madalaivala kuyendetsa galimotoyo popanda kudandaula za ziyeneretso zowonjezera ndi chilolezo.
Mmene Mungasamalirire Galimoto Yowongoka
Kukonzekera koyenera kumapangitsa kuti galimoto yowongoka ikhale yotetezeka komanso yogwira ntchito bwino. Nawa malangizo oti muwatsatire:
- Nthawi zonse fufuzani mafuta a injini ndi madzi: Kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwamafuta, madzi opatsirana, madzi owongolera mphamvu, zoziziritsa kukhosi, brake fluid, ndi zakumwa zina zofunika zimathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti galimoto yanu ikugwira ntchito moyenera.
- Sinthani zosefera mpweya: Kusintha akale ndi atsopano kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kuwonjezera moyo wa injini.
- Yang'anani matayala nthawi zonse: Kuwonetsetsa kuti matayala akuwonjezedwa bwino ndikuyang'ana ngati akutha kapena kuwonongeka kungawongolere ntchito yawo komanso chitetezo chawo pamsewu.
- Onani mabuleki: Yang'anani mabuleki nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone ngati akutha kapena kuwonongeka kuti muwonetsetse kuti akugwira ntchito moyenera. Izi zichitike kamodzi pachaka.
- Onani kuyimitsidwa: Dongosololi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pagalimoto ndipo liyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi ngati pali vuto lililonse, chifukwa limathandizira kunyamula katundu wolemera.
- Pitirizani kukonza nthawi zonse: Kuwunika pafupipafupi, kusintha kwamafuta, ndi njira zina zodzitetezera kungathandize kuti galimoto yanu yowongoka ikuyenda bwino komanso motetezeka kwa zaka zikubwerazi.
Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Galimoto Yowongoka Kwa Mabizinesi
Mabizinesi ayenera kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto owongoka chifukwa amapereka zabwino zambiri, monga:
- Kusunthika: Magalimoto owongoka amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga kutumiza katundu, ntchito, ndi zinthu zina, kuwapangitsa kukhala njira yosinthira mabizinesi omwe ali ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamayendedwe.
- Kusintha: Magalimoto owongoka savutika kutembenuka ngati mathirakitala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aziyenda mosavuta m'malo ocheperako ndikusiya dalaivala nthawi yambiri yoyang'ana chitetezo.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta: A molunjika Galimoto imawotcha mafuta kuposa magalimoto ena olemetsa ndipo amapangidwira maulendo ataliatali, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kusunga mtengo wamafuta.
pansi Line
Magalimoto olunjika amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe awo a bokosi, ndipo malo onyamula katundu otsekedwa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma bokosi. Amabwera mosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri kutalika ndi kutalika kwake kumayambira 10-26 mapazi ndi 8-10 mapazi motsatana. Mabizinesi ambiri amakonda magalimoto owongoka chifukwa ali ndi GVWR yochepera mapaundi 26,001, kulola madalaivala kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngakhale alibe License Yoyendetsa Magalimoto (CDL). Kuphatikiza apo, magalimotowa amapereka kusinthasintha komanso kuwongolera, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala gawo lalikulu pantchito yamagalimoto.
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