Uma ungumshayeli weloli, cishe wake wezwa igama elithi “retarder” ngaphambilini. Kodwa lisho ukuthini? I-retarder iyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziselwa ukwehlisa i-semi-truck. Iyafana namabhuleki emoto, kodwa isebenza ngendlela ehlukile.
Ama-retarders ngamathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ijubane noma ukumisa imoto. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamaretader, kodwa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ibhuleki lenjini. Injini amabhuleki asebenza ngokusebenzisa umoya ocindezelweyo ukubamba amabhuleki. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezimotweni ezisindayo, njengamaloli amancane, anezinjini ezinkulu.
Amaretaretha angasetshenziswa nasezitimeleni nasemabhasini. Uma ubhuleka nge-retarder, umshayeli kudingeka anciphise ukucindezela kuma-pedals, okusiza ekwehliseni ukuguga namabhuleki. Ukwengeza, ama-retarders angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukushushuluza nokushelela, okuwenza abe isici esibalulekile sokuphepha.
Okuqukethwe
Usebenza Kanjani Elolini?
I-retarder iyithuluzi elisiza ukwehlisa iloli. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-retarders, kodwa zonke zisebenza ngokusebenzisa ukungqubuzana ukudala ukumelana. Uhlobo lwe-retarder oluvame kakhulu yi-brake yenjini, esebenzisa injini ukudala ukumelana. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-retarder zihlanganisa ama-exhaust brakes nama-transmission-mounted brakes. Ama-retarders angasiza kakhulu ekwehliseni ukuguga nokuwohloka kwamabhuleki, futhi angasiza nasekuthuthukiseni ukonga kukaphethiloli. Uma isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, ama-retarders angasiza ekwenzeni ukushayela iloli kube lula futhi kuphephe.
Kufanele Uyivale Nini I-Retarder?
I-retarder iyithuluzi elehlisa isivinini sesitimela esihambayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezikhathi lapho kudingekile ukuvala i-retarder ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwamathrekhi noma isitimela ngokwaso. Esinye salezo zibonelo yilapho isitimela sisondela eswitch. Uma isitimela esinesikhathi singena eswishi ngesivinini esikhulu, singadala umonakalo omkhulu.
Ukwengeza, uma isimo sezulu sibanda kakhulu, kuhle ukuvala i-retarder ukuvimbela iqhwa ekubunjweni kwamathrekhi. Ekugcineni, uma isitimela sidinga ukuma kungazelelwe, kungcono ukucisha iretarder ukuze amabhuleki akwazi ukusimisa ngokuphumelelayo isitimela. Ngakho-ke, kunezimo eziningana lapho kudingekile ukuvala i-retarder ukugwema umonakalo noma izingozi.
Ingabe i-Retarder iyafana ne-Engine Brake?
Lapho ushayela iloli, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani amabhuleki ngokuphumelelayo ukuze ulawule isivinini sakho. Amabhuleki esevisi namaretader ayizinhlobo ezimbili zamabhuleki elolini. Usebenzisa amabhuleki esevisi uma udinga ukumisa iloli, futhi asebenza ngokucindezela i-pedal ye-brake, eyenza kusebenze amabhuleki omoya.
I-retarder iyi-auxiliary brake system esiza ukulawula isivinini sakho uma wehla umqansi. Isebenzisa injini ukudala ukumelana nokunciphisa iloli. Amanye amaloli ane-brake yesevisi kanye ne-retarder, kodwa amanye aneyodwa noma enye. Ngakho-ke, yini umehluko phakathi kwe-retarder ne-injini yebhuleki? Amareta asebenza kahle ekwehliseni ijubane iloli kunamabhuleki enjini, futhi awagugi kakhulu amabhuleki esevisi.
Amabhuleki enjini angasetshenziswa uma wehla futhi usondela lapho kukhona khona ukuma noma ilambu elibomvu, kodwa akufanele asetshenziswe isikhathi eside ngoba angashisa kakhulu injini. Lapho ushayela iloli, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani zombili izinhlobo zamabhuleki ngendlela efanele ukuze ulawule isivinini sakho futhi uzigcine wena nabanye abashayeli bephephile.
Uyini Umehluko phakathi kwe-Exhaust Brake ne-Retarder?
Kunezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwehlisa isivinini imoto esindayo: ibhuleki le-exhaust kanye ne-retarder. Zombili lezi zinsimbi zisebenza ngokufaka amandla okubhuleka emasondweni, kodwa zikwenza ngokuhlukile. Ibhuleki le-exhaust lisebenzisa injini ukwakha ukumelana namasondo, kanti iretarder isebenzisa ukungqubuzana ukunikeza ukumelana.
Ngenxa yalokho, amabhuleki e-exhaust ngokuvamile asebenza kangcono ekwehliseni isivinini semoto kunama-retarders. Kodwa-ke, zingase zibe nzima kakhulu ukulawula futhi ziguge injini ngokushesha. Ngokuphambene, ama-retarders alula ukulawula futhi awafaki ubunzima obuningi enjinini. Ekugcineni, isistimu yokubhuleka engcono kakhulu yemoto ethile izoncika esisindweni sayo, usayizi wayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
Ingabe I-Retarders ikuvimbela ukuthi Ungadli?
Ukushayela kwasebusika kungase kube ubuqili, futhi ngisho nabashayeli abanolwazi kakhulu bangazithola sebeshelela kungazelelwe emigwaqweni eneqhwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma amathayi ehlangana neqhwa, aphelelwa amandla futhi awakwazi ukubamba umgwaqo. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto ingakwazi ukugxuma ingalawuleki. Enye indlela yokusiza ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki ukusebenzisa ama-retarders. Ama-retarders amadivaysi abekwa emasondweni emoto futhi asiza ekunikezeni ukudonsa okwengeziwe.
Asebenza ngokusebenzisa i-friction ukuze abambezele ukuzungeza kwamathayi, okwenza umshayeli abe nesikhathi esengeziwe sokusabela uma engase ashibilike. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-retarders awakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukushibilika emigwaqweni eneqhwa. Zisebenza ngempumelelo kuphela uma zihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokuphepha zokushayela ebusika, njenge amathayi eqhwa nokushayela ngokucophelela.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezi-4 Zabahlehlisi?
Ama-retarders ahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine: i-exhaust, injini, i-hydraulic, ne-electric.
I-exhaust retarder iwuhlobo olujwayeleke kakhulu lwe-retarder ngoba ngokuvamile lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekwehliseni ijubane lemoto kunamabhuleki enjini. Kodwa-ke, zingase zibe nzima kakhulu ukulawula futhi ziguge injini ngokushesha.
Amabhuleki enjini ayafana kodwa sebenzisa isistimu yokubhuleka ehlukene engaxhumekile enjinini. Lokhu kuzenza zibe lula ukuzilawula, kodwa zingase zingasebenzi kahle ekunciphiseni imoto esindayo.
Ama-hydraulic retarders asebenzisa uketshezi ukuze anikeze ukumelana, okuwenza aphumelele kakhulu kunezinqamuli zikagesi. Nokho, kungaba nzima ukuzilawula futhi azivamile kangako.
Izinqamuli zikagesi zisebenzisa inkambu kagesi ukuze zinikeze ukumelana, okuzenza zibe uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-retarder ukulawula. Nokho, awaphumeleli kangako ekunciphiseni imoto esindayo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-retarder lunobuhle kanye nobubi balo, futhi uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lwemoto ethile luncike esisindweni sayo, ubukhulu bayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
Isiphetho
Ama-retarders ku-semi-loli amathuluzi asebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla okubhuleka emasondweni. Kungaba amabhuleki okukhipha amandla noma ama-retarders, futhi ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Uhlobo lwe-retarder olungcono kakhulu lwemoto ethile luzoncika esisindweni sayo, ubukhulu bayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Ama-retarders angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukushibilika emigwaqweni eneqhwa, kodwa asebenza kahle kuphela uma ehlanganiswe nezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha zokushayela ebusika. Kunezinhlobo ezine zama-retarder: i-exhaust, injini, i-hydraulic, ne-electric—ngalinye linezinzuzo kanye nokubi.
